UV rays are not only a cause for concern in summer. The risks exist all year round, regardless of the temperature or the visible intensity of the sun. Although many people protect themselves in summer, they often neglect protection in colder months, putting their skin and eyes at risk.
Sunglasses are also indispensable in the cold
Even if the sun appears weaker in winter, UV radiation remains a serious danger. Sunglasses should also be worn on clear autumn and winter days, especially in the snow, which reflects up to 80% of UV rays. Wearing sunglasses can prevent eye damage caused by direct and reflected rays. Wearing sunglasses is essential in the mountains or during winter sports, as UV rays are more intense at higher altitudes. Preventing eye diseases such as snow blindness is easier than treating them.
Why UV Radiation Increases with Altitude
Ultraviolet radiation increases with altitude, making mountain regions hotspots for increased UV exposure. Every time the altitude increases by 1000 metres, UV radiation can increase by around 10% to 12%. This is because the atmosphere is thinner at higher altitudes, which filters out less UV rays. Sun cream with a high protection factor is therefore essential in the mountains, even on cloudy days. Reflections from snow further increase the intensity of UV rays, as snow can reflect up to 80% of UV rays. When skiing or hiking at higher altitudes, it is important to protect not only the skin but also the eyes.
Differences in UV filters in glasses
UV filters in sunglasses are not all the same and vary greatly in their protective performance. In general, a distinction is made between UVA and UVB rays, both of which are harmful but are blocked by different types of filters. Most high-quality sunglasses today offer 100% protection against both types of radiation up to 400 nanometres, which is known as the UV400 standard. This standard is particularly important for activities in areas with high UV exposure, such as in the mountains or by the sea.
The protection levels are divided into categories, from 0 to 4, based on the tinting intensity of the lenses. Category 0 lenses are very lightly tinted and are suitable for cloudy days, while category 4 are the darkest lenses with a light transmission of only 3% to 8% and are ideal for extremely bright environments such as high mountains or open water areas. However, these lenses are too dark for use when driving.
Special lenses: Optimum protection and comfort for every activity
Polarised lenses offer an additional benefit by reducing glare from reflective surfaces such as water or snow. They are ideal for water sports enthusiasts and skiers as they improve visibility and reduce eye fatigue. Photochromic lenses, which automatically adjust their tint to the light conditions, are another option for changeable conditions and are particularly practical for everyday use. Polycarbonate lenses are suitable for active sunglasses wearers. They are break-resistant and offer robust protection, even during sporting activities.
Skin protection is also important
The skin is the largest organ in the human body and is just as susceptible to UV damage. Sunscreens with a high sun protection factor are also necessary in the cooler months, especially for people who spend a lot of time outdoors. The ILO and WHO point out that one third of non-melanoma skin cancer deaths are caused by working outdoors. Consistent skin protection can improve these statistics.
Creams and clothing against the dangerous rays
The key to effective skin protection lies in the use of sunscreens with broad-spectrum UV protection that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. A sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30 is recommended, even on cloudy days, as up to 80% of UV rays can penetrate the clouds. Repeated application every two hours, as well as after swimming or heavy sweating, is necessary to maintain protection. In addition, protective clothing such as hats, sunglasses and long-sleeved shirts should be worn to minimise direct exposure to the sun. Products containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide provide physical protection by reflecting and scattering the rays.
